CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
OF MAJOR FINDINGS
There is no significant
relationship between autocratic leadership style and democratic leadership
style in respect of quality policy formulation in the manufacturing firms in
Enugu State. (t value cal< =1.523
< t value tabulated 2.1318, P=0.000<0.05). Leadership in Enugu
manufacturing firms significantly ensures that policies made are effectively
directed towards attainment of organizational goals (t value cal=19.225 >
2.1318, P=0.000<0.05). Leadership
training and development in Enugu manufacturing firms have shown significant
effect on quality policy formulation and implementation (X2cal=42.475>X2
critical=9.48773, P=0.000<0.05). Environmental factors negatively and
significantly influence leadership towards quality policy formulation and
implementation in these manufacturing firms (X2cal=8.12<X2 critical=9.48773,
P=0.000<0.05). Unhealthy policies negatively and significantly effect on
productivity and profitability of these manufacturing firms ((X2cal=7.10<X2
critical=9.48773, P=0.000<0.05).
5.2 CONCLUSIONS
This study as one of the
empirical investigations on leadership and policy in organizations in Nigeria lays foundation for
understanding the effect of leadership on quality policy formulation and
implementation for
manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The success of
any organization very much depends on the quality of its leadership. It is
leadership that recruits the requisite personnel, trains them on the job, sets
standards on what are required, assigns workers to jobs, monitors and
disciplines staff, and relates with the society and government. Leadership
works with people to achieve the goals of the enterprise. Hence, policy formulation has to be
endorsed by leadership for others in the organization to react.
Policy formulation and implementation are leadership driven (Imaga, 2000:246). Unfortunately, some managers in
leadership positions in organizations do not quite appreciate their roles in this
respect. This makes the quality of products vary and
the company market shares in the industry dwindle significantly. Unarguably,
this does not
augur well with the profitability and subsequent growth of firms. Research efforts to uncover the causes of failure in leadership roles on
quality policy formulation and implementation revealed training inadequacy.
Another is poor orientation on the best leadership style that can improve
organizational performance through effective employees offering. Also, they
exist controversies concerning the best style of leadership to be incorporated
in the company policy guideline. This issue amongst others is yet unsettled
even in the theories as several arguments still exist.
Research
concerning leadership and quality policy formulation in private manufacturing
firms is very
new in Nigeria and as such, empirical works in this area is seriously lacking.
Consequently, there exist several research gaps including the
difference between autocratic and democratic leadership style and their impact
on quality policy formulation in the manufacturing firms; the
rate at which leadership training and development impact on quality policy
formulation in the manufacturing firms; environmental factors influence
leadership on quality policy formulation and implementation; and, implication
of unhealthy policies on the productivity and profitability of manufacturing
firms in Nigeria.
This research established an empirical framework for prototype manufacturing
firms in Nigeria which captured the aforementioned lacuna. By employing both descriptive and inferential statistics on primary data
generated from three major manufacturing firms in Enugu state, the study tested
five main hypotheses.
The
first result revealed a no significant relationship exist between autocratic
leadership style and democratic leadership style in respect of quality policy
formulation in the manufacturing firms in Enugu state. The second test
confirmed that leadership in Enugu manufacturing firms significantly ensures
that policies made are effectively directed towards attainment of
organizational goals. The third result affirmed that
leadership training and development in Enugu manufacturing firms have
significant impact on quality policy formulation and implementation. The fourth
established that environmental factors negatively and significantly influence
leadership towards quality policy formulation and implementation in
manufacturing firms. Above all, the fifth concludes that unhealthy policy has negative and significant impact on productivity and
profitability of manufacturing firms in Enugu state.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of this research and the conclusions therein, this
study hereby recommends as follows:
(i)
The need for review of the
style of leadership used in the manufacturing industry in Nigeria. The findings
of objective one reveals that autocratic leadership style negates staff welfare
and respect for employees’ opinions as well as ideas. This is not too
productive to the organizations. As such, this study suggest the maximun use of
democratic leadership style since this style is established to be favorable to
manufacturing organizations in Nigeria.
(ii)
Training was found to be
essential ingredient of growth but was not frequently emphasized by the firms
studied. This study recommends that training of both management and employees
be made a policy priority and as well be organized as often as possible.
(iii)
In formulating and implementing
organizational policy, certain environmental factors like activities of
customers, rivalry competitors, social responsibilities, and the government
were found to be exhibiting negative influence. This study advocates for a
thorough cost-benefit analysis on these factors when formulating policies or
during implementation. They should as often as possible establish a resonable
trade-offs among those intervening variables. To establish a balance must be
done with care in order not to create more problems for the organization. This
is because, the identified environmental variables also play significant roles
for the survival and growth of the firms.
(iv)
Unhealthy and greedy policies
are found to have destructive implications to the firms. Therefore, management
and other concerned policy makers in the manufacturing industry must formulate
good policies that seek to improve the welfare of its workers while magnifying
productivity and profit. This is very necessary for the long-run survival of
the company.
5.4. CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
The results of this research provide a basis for a
better understanding and appreciation of the effect of leadership on quality policy
formulation and implementation in manufacturing firms in
Nigeria. Among
other things, the study will significantly
impact on the economy in the following ways:
To
Business Managers: First, the study will be
of relevance to managers
and leaders in the manufacturing organizations in
Nigeria most espacially, the firms that were studied in Enugu state. This is because, the aim of every manufacturing firm is to achieve maximum level
of product quality at the lowest possible cost and to achieve a
larger market share. The
quality of policy which is a direct function of leadership thus become very
vital to the attainment of such goal. Policy formulation directs all functionality and
aspect of work done by managers. This study have successfully established
strong insight on best leadership approach to policy hence its relevance to
business managers.
Relevance
to Training: In terms of knowledge acquisition, this study will contribute to
training of managers of manufacturing firms on best practices both in policy formulation and in action. At the end customer
satisfaction will be achieved and the performance and profitability of the
organization will be realized.
Benefits
to End-Users of Company Products: Furthermore, the clients and end-users
of the products of the manufacturing firms will benefits immersely from the outcome of this study. This is because, the findings of
the study is very informative to managers and owners concerning the best leadership styles that can ensure customer satisfaction through quality and offering.
To Industry Watchers and Analyst: The outcome of this research is also expected to be of significance to
industry watchers and analyst. This group of people will utilize the platform of
this study in their analysis on leadership and policy
formulation in Nigerian firms. Similarly, the general public, through the findings of this research,
will be better informed on the existence
and operations of the selected companies.
To Academics: Academically, this study contributes to the enrichment of literature on policy
making and leadership. It has empirically established the significant
impact of leadership on quality policy which invariably is vitally informative
to analyst and policy makers. The study also provides important information to guide future
researchers.
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APPENDIX 1
QUESTIONNAIRE
Department of Business
Management,
Faculty of Business Administration,
University of Nigeria,
Enugu Campus,
Enugu State
Dear Respondent,
RESEARCH
PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE
I am a postgraduate student of the
above named institution carrying out a research work on the topic: “EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP ON
QUALITY POLICY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ENUGU
STATE”. The research is in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for an award of Master of Science (M.Sc.)
Degree in Business Management of the University of
Nigeria.
This questionnaire is purely for
academic purpose and so all the information you will provide will be treated
confidentially. I will be obliged if you assist me by completing the
questionnaire as objectively as possible and to the best of your knowledge.
Thank you.
Yours Faithfully,
INSTRUCTION: Tick Appropriately, Whichever Is Chosen
(Note:Respondents must be employee
of the selected manufacturing organizations)
SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND
CHARACTERISTICS
(1) Age:
Below 25 25-35 36-44 45-56 57
& above
(2)
Sex: Male Female
(3) Marital Statues: Married Single
Others Specify
(4) Qualification: SSCE
B.Sc or Equiv. Masters
Degree Above Master
(5) Staff Category: Senior Staff Junior
Staff
(6) Job Position:
Supervisor Unit Head HOD Director Others Specify.
(7) What is the name of your Company ?
......................................................
SECTION TWO: MAIN QUESTIONS
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ITEMS
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SA
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A
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UD
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D
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SD
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Objective One
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To examine the significance of the relationship between
autocratic leadership and democratic leadership with respect to quality
policy formulation in the manufacturing firms in Enugu state.
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Questions
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1. Democratic leaders in our firm show more concern
to employees welfare when
making policies more than autocratic leaders do.
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2. Democratic leaders
use influence rather than force to implement corporate
policies while autocratic leaders believe in force.
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3. Democratic
leaders listen to public opinion in policy making but autocratic leaders are conservative and believe in order.
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4. While
democratic leaders believe in long run growth policy, autocratic leaders are more concerned at the immediate.
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Objective Two
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To determine the extent to which leadership
ensures that policies made are effectively implemented and directed towards
attainment of organizational goals.
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Questions
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5. Our
company leadership treat policy as a very critical matter
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6. They
ensure that quality policies are made while existing ones are constantly reviewed to meet the trend
of time
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7. Our
company leadership often time monitors policy performance to ensure that they are targeted toward
the goals of the company.
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8. They
apply strict disciplinary measure to control any deviation in rules guiding the set policies
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Objective Three
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To evaluate the rate at which leadership
training and development impact on quality policy formulation in the
manufacturing firms in Enugu state.
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Questions
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9. Management of our company gives maximum concern to leadership training and development.
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10. Most trainings are directed at enhancing the company policy in terms of existing ones or in formulating
new ones
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11. The leadership training is frequent and permits cross fertilization of ideas across other firms in the
industry
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12. Leadership training have to a large extent enhanced the quality of policies used in our company at the
moment
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Objective Four
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To examine how environmental factors could
influence leadership towards quality policy formulation and implementation in
these manufacturing firms.
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Questions
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13. Government
policies and interest exact great influence on our company policy formulation and implementation
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14. Rival
competition from other firms in the industry here in Enugu do influence our choice of policy
making and implementation
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15. We
could bend our policy to meet corporate responsibility in the area of our operation
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16. To
satisfy our numerous clients effectively, we often adjust our policy to meet their good demands
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Objective Five
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To explore the implications of greedy and
unhealthy leadership policies on the productivity and profitability of these
manufacturing firms.
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Questions
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17. Policies
affecting employees negatively could dampen their performance and result in low productivity
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18. Negative policies affecting customers could
make them withdraw patronage and in
turn result in poor profitability of your company
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19. Greedy policies resulting in
customer drop will give rise to competitors
take over of your company’s market share.
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20. Your
company could liquidate if unhealthy policies are not adequately addressed.
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THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP ON POLICY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN THE
MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ENUGU STATE