TOPIC: THE GOVERNMENT OF A STATE IS
INTERESTED IN A LOCAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME, AS A STUDENT OF SEM 481, GIVE
YOUR ADVICE TO THE GOVERNMENT.
WATER
Water supply is a very essential
programme as it enhances the life of the people and equal enhances community development.
But with all these benefits, there
are three vital points which need to be examined and appropriately put in place
for a workable programme.
i. Determination of the need of the
people
ii. Determine the water yield and quality
of water source.
iii. Make layout (Execution of the programme).
Determination of the Need of the People:
There are different need a people of
a community usually want. For example, the people may be in dare need of
electricity or road more than the need water, which may be due to they have
another water source probably streams run round or across the community and the
have no roat at all.
But however since government has
decided to provide water, it is good and should properly enlighten the
community on the need of the programme, so that the community will provide all
needed local security to the programme facilities against vandalism and provide
all needed support to the government where need be.
ii.
Water source and
yield quality provide provision of water in a community is determined to a very
significant extent by the quality and available sources of water. If a
community has no nearly stream or river, and its underground water table is
very poor, the provision of such basic amenity will be a very difficult one.
This is because the water to be provided to the community will be eighteen
source form river, streams, or from under ground water table.
Therefore there is a need for government to survey and
determine the water yielding quality of the project is intended to be a very
successful one.
iii. Execution
of the Programme:
This is the final stage of the
programme. It encompasses laying out the project. This layout organized all the
engineering processes involved in the project. Engineering work include site
cleaning, excavation of all needed places, installation of machines,
construction of different need structures such as coagulation chamber,
sedimentation chamber, filtration chamber, and disfection chamber. These are
the different chamber. These are the different chambers the water must pass
through to get treated and pure.
After all these have been achieved,
then laying pipes for water reticulation, before water treatment and
supply which is the last stage of the programme.
Government has to determine all
these stages before hand. Because if any is omitted and is found waiting, the
programme may be a difficult or unachievable one.
TOPIC II- YOU ARE REQUIRED TO VISIT A
WATER TREATMENT PLANT AND WRITE A REPORT ON THE VISIT, STATING THE SOURCE OF
WATER, FLOW RATE, DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND TREATMENT MEANS.
PIPE-BORNE
Pipe-borne water is prepared in a water-treatment
plant. This water is usually germ-free. But it contains mineral solutes like
sodium chloride.
Water from rainfall, rivers or lakes is stored in
reservoirs. This water is purified by various methods which include:
Coagulation,
sedimentation, titration and disinfection. The purified water is then
distributed to towns and cities via underground pipes for domestic and
industrial uses.
The treatment of water to make it fit
for use is done in the following ways.
(i) The
water is drown from a river (Ebonyi river) through a large pipe that runs
underground. This pipe runs and deposits the water into a setting tanks.
(ii) In the
setting tanks, chemicals like potash alum, or sodium aluminates
(III) Are
added to course coagulation or floaulation. These chemicals have formula as
follows: potash alum KAL(SON)2
Sodium
aluminates (III) NaACO2.
In the coagulation tank, the impurities clump together
to form big particle of dirt or floes which settle done rapidly.
(iii) The
water is then passed through a filter bed to remove the remaining impurities of
fine particles.
(iv) The
water is then treated with chemicals like chlorine to kill germs. Other useful
chemicals, such as iodine and fluorine, may be added in the correct amounts as
food supplements to prevent goiter and tooth decay. These chemicals to the
following Functions:
Iodine prevents goiter
Florine
prevents tooth decay
Equally calcium oxide (Calcium hydroxide, CaOH) may be
added to reduce acidity and remove hardness of water.
(v) The
treated water which is run free and clear from germs, is stored in a reservoir
and distributed for use in the town.
This process is illustrated in the diagram below;
Note: These tanks
are allowed open for the radiation of direct sun
Rays.
DEPT.: FOOD
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FST)
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE
AND NATURAL
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: SEM 481
COURSE TITLE: WATER SUPPLY AND
PLANNING