ABSTRACT
The
phytochemical screening and antimicrobial properties of Ikpeta root (Ipecacuanha) used in treatment of
various diseases, were studied. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence
of Alkalids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, triterpeniods,
cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, triterpeniods, athraquinones and polyphenols in the ethanol extract of
ipecac root. Antimicrobial acidic metabolite and neutral metabolite activities
indicates the presence of microorganism such as E. coli, pseudomonas spp.
streptococcus spp., and coliform
bacilli while basic metabolites test indicate only the presence of E-coli and coliform in the ikpeta root extract. The proximate analysis of
Ikpeta root extract were also evaluated the antimicrobial activities of
extracts were compared with standard antibiotics.
A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT
OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Botanical Description of Ipecac Root
1.1 Botanical Description of Ipecac Root
1.2
Botanical Profile (Taxonomy) of
Ipecac Root
Scientific Classification
1.3
(Geographical and distribution
1.3.1
Ipecac Root Production
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Antimicrobial Activities of Ipecac
Root Extract
2.2
Structure of Emetine
2.3 The uses of Ipecac Root
2.3.1 Customary uses
2.3.2 Adverse reactions of emetine
2.3.3 Abuse
2.4 Properties of Ipecac Root
2.3.1 Customary uses
2.3.2 Adverse reactions of emetine
2.3.3 Abuse
2.4 Properties of Ipecac Root
CHAPTER
THREE
MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 Sample collection and preparation of materials
3.2 Apparatus and Reagents
3.3 Extraction of the Ipecac Root
3.4 Phytochemical analysis of Ipecac Root Extracts
3.5 Separation of the metabolites
3.1 Sample collection and preparation of materials
3.2 Apparatus and Reagents
3.3 Extraction of the Ipecac Root
3.4 Phytochemical analysis of Ipecac Root Extracts
3.5 Separation of the metabolites
3.5.1
Basic metabolites
3.5.2 Neutral metabolites
3.5.3 Acidic metabolites
3.5.4 Test for tannins
3.5.5 Test for alkaloids
3.5.6 Test for Triterpenoicts
3.5.7 Test for Flavonoids
3.5.8 Test for Glycosides
3.5.9 Test for saponins
3.5.10 Frothing test
3.5.11 Test for Anthraquionones
3.5.12 Test for Polyphenols
3.5.13 Test for ester formation
3.6 Antimicrobial analysis of extract of Ipecac Roots (Ipecacuanha)
3.6.1 Preparation of Media
3.6.2 Preparation of the Media
3.6.3 Preparation of suspension of test organism
3.6.4 Extraction of oil
3.5.2 Neutral metabolites
3.5.3 Acidic metabolites
3.5.4 Test for tannins
3.5.5 Test for alkaloids
3.5.6 Test for Triterpenoicts
3.5.7 Test for Flavonoids
3.5.8 Test for Glycosides
3.5.9 Test for saponins
3.5.10 Frothing test
3.5.11 Test for Anthraquionones
3.5.12 Test for Polyphenols
3.5.13 Test for ester formation
3.6 Antimicrobial analysis of extract of Ipecac Roots (Ipecacuanha)
3.6.1 Preparation of Media
3.6.2 Preparation of the Media
3.6.3 Preparation of suspension of test organism
3.6.4 Extraction of oil
3.6.5
Dilution of oil
CHAPTER FOUR
PHOTOCHEMICAL RESULT OF ANTIMICROBIAL
AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
4.1 Results
4.1.1 Phytochemicals
4.2 Result of proximate analysis
4.1.1 Phytochemicals
4.2 Result of proximate analysis
4.3 Discussion
4.4 Conclusion
4.4 Conclusion
References
CONCLUSION
From the study and analysis carried out it has been
confirmed that presence of the indentified phytochemicals makes Ikpeta root (Ipecacuanha) extract pharmacologically
active. Their antimicrobial activity may be responsible for their usefulness in
the management and treatment of various disease. Since it has been reported by
world Health Organization (WHO). That about 80% of the worlds populations
depend mainly the use of plant extracts. (WHO, 1993), therefore I recommended
that further studying of other possible mechanisms action of these Ikpeta root
extract should be carried out.
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