In
this section, the results of data collected; their analyses and interpretations
are presented as well as the various hypotheses tested. But first of all, the
general distribution of the personal characteristics of all the respondents
from the three zones of Ebonyi North, Ebonyi central and Ebonyi South are presented.
Table 1. Percentage
Distribution of Respondents by
sex and location, age , education, religion
and marital status.
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PERCENTAGE
DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY SEX, AGE, EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION, RELIGIOUS
AFFILIATION, MARITAL STATUS AND LOCATION
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Variable
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Ebonyi
North
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Ebonyi
Central
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Ebonyi
South
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Total
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Male
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Female
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Male
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Female
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Male
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Female
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Sex
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143 (12.2)
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364 (9)
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132 (10.5)
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248(19.8)
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99(7.9)
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259 (20.6)
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1255 (100)
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Total
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153 (12.2)
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364 (29)
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132 (10.5)
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248 (19.8)
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99(7.9)
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259 (20.6)
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1255 (100)
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Age
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10-20
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21 (13.)
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57 (35.6)
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5(3.1)
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28(17.5)
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15(9.4)
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34 (21.3)
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160 (100)
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21-30
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74(11.5)
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176(27.4)
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76(11.8)
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162 (25.2)
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32(5)
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123 (19.1)
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643 (100)
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31-40
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47 (13.8)
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89 (26.1)
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47 (13.8)
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42 (12.4)
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51 (15)
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64 (18.8)
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340 (100)
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41-50
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11 (9.9)
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42 (37.8)
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4 (3.6)
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15 (13.5)
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1 (9)
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38 (34.2)
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111 (100)
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Total
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153
(12.2)
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364
(29)
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132
(10.5)
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248
(19.8)
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99
(7.9)
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259
(20.6)
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1255
(100)
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Education
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No schooling
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76(11.4)
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115(17.2)
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84(12.6)
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174(26)
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55(8.2)
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164(24.6)
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668(100)
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Primary sch.
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70(12.7)
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240(43.6)
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45(8.2)
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74(13.4)
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38(6.9)
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84(15.2)
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551(100)
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Sec. Sch.
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2(5.6)
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9(25)
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3(8.3)
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0(.0)
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6(16.7)
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11(30.6)
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36(100)
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Total
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153(12.2)
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364(29)
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132(10.5)
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248(19.8)
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99(7.9)
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259(20.6)
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1255(100)
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Religion
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Christianity
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136(12.3)
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341(30.7)
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108(9.7)
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237(21.4)
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81(7.3)
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206(18.6)
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1109(100)
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Moslem
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3(27.3)
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8(72.7)
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0(.0)
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0(.0)
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0(.0)
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0(.0)
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11(100)
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Trad Rel
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14(10.4)
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15(11.1)
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24(17.8)
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11(8.1)
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18(13.3)
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53(39.)
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135(100)
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Total
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153(12.2)
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364(29)
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132(10.5)
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248(19.8)
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99(7.9)
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259(20.6)
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1255(100)
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Marital status
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Single
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60(13.8)
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194(44.6)
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22(5.1)
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124(28.5)
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5(11.5)
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30(6.9)
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435(100)
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Married
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74(11.9)
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148(23.7)
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66(10.6)
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108(17.3)
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68(10.9)
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160(25.6)
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624(100)
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Separated
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1(33.3)
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2(66.7)
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0(.0)
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0(.0)
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0(.0)
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0(.0)
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3(100)
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Divorced
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6(28.6)
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0(.0)
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9(42.9)
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5(23.8)
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1(4.8)
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0(.0)
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21(100)
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Widowed
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12(7)
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20(11.6)
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35(20.3)
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11(6.4)
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25(14.5)
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69(40.1)
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172(100)
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Total
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153(12.2)
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364(29)
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132(10.5)
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248(19.8)
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99(7.9)
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25(20.6)
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1255(100)
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Field
survey, 2011.
Table
one (1) above shows a summary of the distribution of the gender ( male and
female ), from the three senatorial zones of Ebonyi north, Ebonyi central and
Ebonyi south. The distribution on sex, indicates that Ebonyi north had 517 of
153 males (12.2 %) and 364 females ( 29%) of the 1255 respondents studied. In
Ebonyi central, the figure shows 132 males of 10.5 percent and 248 females of
19.8 percent. Ebonyi south had 99 males
or 7.9 percent and 259 females or 20.6
percent of the 1255 respondents. The distribution by gender indicates that
women are in the majority in the three senatorial zones of those who work at
the small-scale quarry mines of Ebonyi state.
The
second variable on the personal characteristics of the respondents shows the
age groups that work at the quarry mine pits, indicating that 21-30 age group
are in the highest with 643 out of the 1255 respondents. This is followed by
31-40 age group with 340. In the 21-30 age group, women are identified to still
be in the majority. The high numbers of females are identified in Ebonyi north
with 176 or 27.4 percent, followed by Ebonyi central with 162 or 25.2 percent
out of the 643 respondents in that age group.
On
the educational level of the respondents, running across the three senatorial
zones, 668 or 53.2 percent, out of 1255 had no education, while 551 or 43.9
percent, had primary schooling. Considering the number that had no education on
gender, 453 or 67.8 percent out of 668
are females, while 215 or 32.2 percent are males. So from observation, a
greater number of the respondents had no education or primary education,
indicating that majority of the small-scale quarry miners belong to this group.
For the number that had secondary education, only 36 indicated, showing a
minimal number.
In
terms of religion , greater number are Christians, totally 1109 of the 1255
respondents, while 11 are Moslems and 135 are traditionalists. The marital
status show that 624 of the total respondents or 49.7 percent are married,
while 435 or 34.7 percent are single. The third group belong to the widowed.
From observation from the three senatorial zones, women are always high
compared to men from the three zones.
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B.
General
case summary of male and female quarry workers who were used for the field
survey
Field
survey 2011
The
general case summary show that one thousand , two hundred and fifty –five
respondents were sampled, and out of this number women were observed to be high
with eight hundred and seventy –one, while men were three hundred and eighty
–four. This show that the number of women involved in the quarry mining
activities in Ebonyi state is higher than that of men.
Case
summary of men and women quarry quarry miners in the three senatorial zones of
Ebonyi north, Ebonyi central and Ebonyi south, with their level of educational
attainment.
Table
c
Field
survey 2011
The
summary figure indicates that majority of the quarry miners had no education
with a figure of 668, while those who had primary education trailed with 551.
This generally show that greater number of the workers had no education or had
a minimal level of education.
General
summary of religious affiliation of the quarry miners ( female and males )
combined from the three senatorial zones.
Table
d.
Field
survey 2011
The
summary show that Christians are in the majority with 1110, followed by
traditionalists with 134, and the Moslems are lowest with eleven.
The
case summary of respondents by marital status.
Table
Field
survey 2011.
From
the summary table on marital status of
the respondents, those who are married are in the majority with 624, while the
those who are single trailed with 434, and the widowed were 173. In effect,
those who are married were observed to participate more in the stone mines of
Ebonyi state than other category of people.
Table
one, column one, sought to identify the
number of small –scale quarry miners (males and females) combined by location,
specifying the quarry miners by local
government in each of the senatorial zones for the areas sampled. The table above
indicates that 517 , came from Ebonyi North which comprised two local
governments of Ohaukwu and Izzi. Ebonyi
central with Ezza North and Ezza South had 380 respondents which were sampled,
while Ebonyi South with Ivo and Afikpo North had 358 of the respondents. In effect, the highest
number of respondents who are quarry miners came from Ebonyi North , followed
by Ebonyi central , while Ebonyi south had the lowest number, making it a total of 1,255 respondents from the three senatorial zones of
Ebonyi State studied. The specific breakdown by location show that Ebonyi north
had a total of 517 of 153 males or 29.6 percent and 364 females or 70.4
percent. Ebonyi central had 132 males or 34.7 percent and 248 females or 65.3
percent, totally 380 respondents, while Ebonyi south had 99 males or 27.7
percent and 259 females or 72.3 percent of 358 respondents.
The
second column of table one above shows a summary of the background information
for all the respondents from the three senatorial zones on age group . It can
be seen that the greater number of respondents who work at the small-scale
quarry mines of Ebonyi state fall within the second age categories of 21-30,
with 646 of the 1255 respondents. The specific breakdown show that in this age
category males totaled 184 or 39.7 percent and 462 females or 71.5 percent
totally 646 of the total respondents of 1255. This is followed by the age bracket
of 31-40, with 339 of 144 males or 42.5 percent and 195 females or 57.5
percent.
The
lowest number of workers /respondents could be identified within the age group
of 41-50 age group. The work group seem to decline as the age goes up as no
individual was identified within the age group of 51 and above .
The percentage distribution of the respondents
by sex with the pre-determined sample size from the pre-text that was conducted
before the main research study show that women are in greater number with 871
and men 384 in number. The follow – up columns of the cross tabulation
percentage distribution of respondents by sex show that in Ebonyi North
comprising ohaukwu and Izzi local government areas had a total of 517
respondents (males and females) combined, with 153 males or 29.6% and females
364 or 70.4% from that particular zone making up a percentage total of 41.2% of
the entire population from the three senatorial zones. The second column which
is Ebonyi central comprising Ezza North and Ezza south local government area
has a total of 380 respondents with 132 males or 34.7% and 248 females or 65.3%
from that zone, showing that women are still on the high level. The figure from
Ebonyi central of 380 respondents formed a percentage total of 30.3% of the
1255 total population studied. The Ebonyi south of IVO and Afikpo North local
government areas has a total of 358
(males and females), with a specific number of 99 males or 27.7% and females
259 or 72.3% of the population from that zone; but the total percentage of
Ebonyi south to the entire study subjects is 28.5%.
On the
percentage distribution of respondents
by education, from the distribution, it is observed that majority of the
respondents 668 had no formal education, 551 had
primarily schooling, while 36 of the
respondents had secondary education. Non of the respondents indicated having
National certificate of education (NCE); National Diploma (ND) or Bachelor of
science degree, showing that majority of the respondents had no formal
education or had a minimal level of education. The specific figure show that
for the number on no education, 215 or 32.2 percent were males of 668 and 453
females or 67.8 percent. This is followed by primary education of 153 males (
27.8% ) and 398 females ( 72.2 % ).
The
column with the respondents’ religious affiliation, show that 1110 are Christians, of 326 males or 29.4 percent and
784 females or 70.6 percent, 11 or 9% Moslems and 134 or 10.7% are
traditionalists. The marital status contained in the table indicates that majority of the respondents,
624 are married, 434 single, 3 separated and 173 widowed. With the highest
number of 624 of married quarry miners, 208 ( 33.3 % ), are males, while 416 (
66.7 % ), are females, followed by singles with 86 males or 19.8 percent and
348 females or 80.2 percent.