THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Generally speaking, the importance of guidance and counseling cannot be over emphasized, because it is required at home, working places, schools or any place where people live together for mutual benefits. There may be few persons that are more knowledgeable and more experienced to guide and direct others. lack of guidance and counseling in education was a missing treasure until the revolutionary changes in science and technology emerged with variety of jobs in various sector such as agriculture, banking, industries, economic, political just to mention a few.

According to Makinde (1987) “the fist concerted effort towards providing career guidance was under taken by a group of catholic sisters at St. Theresa’s College Ibadan. This group stared a pioneering work by monitoring small scale career guidance for the final year student. Just like the American experience in 1908, emphasis was placed on vocational information and placement services. The teacher invited representative from various government departments, industries and other establishment parastatals to give career talks to their students in the aspect of employment opportunities and qualification requirements in their various establishments.

The success of St, Theresa’s College gave a great encouragement to other schools in Ibadan, Abeokuta, Ijebu Ode and Lagos to start similar programmes. In order to fasten vocational guidance workshop were organized periodically in the schools with the federal government policy on education for the 6-3-3-4 system. Each Nigeria child was and is to go to school as far as junior secondary school. It also hopes the child after the junior secondary school, to go to the field where he is capable. Like the technical, vocational, aesthetic, academic or even self – reliant. The 6-3-3-4 system is a primary means of evaluating student. The guidance and counseling personnel is expected to keep to record of the student, family background, academic performance and personal social health. These should be collecting and confidentially kept for guidance purpose in the secondary school up to higher institution and extended to the employment level after school. Thus guidance and counseling is an integral part of 6-3-3-4 system.

To implement government policies effectively, profession counselors, principals, and teachers are charged with the responsibilities and are therefore assigning to schools. The services render by them are: appraisals, placement, counseling, orientation and follow up services which comes under the offices of guidance and counseling services in schools.
The importance of guidance and counseling in the school cannot be ignored or be little. His therefore, aims at highlight the need for guidance and counseling programme in the schools.
OBJECTIVES.
The specific objectives of this study are
I.   To determine the need for guidance and counseling In schools
II.  To establish the need for inclusion of guidance and counseling in secondary school curriculum.
III. To determine the extent to which the ministry of education has encourage the guidance and counseling services in secondary schools.
IV.  To create awareness to student on the importance of guidance and counseling for he future life.  
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The following are some the statement of the problems.
I.     There is lack of awareness of the guidance and counseling activities in the schools
II.   There was a negative attitude to students towards guidance and counseling
III.  Lack of roper implementation of guidance and counseling in secondary schools.
IV.   The inability of guidance and counseling personnel’s to cope with difficult situation.
V.    The role of government in implanting her policies toward guidance and counseling.  
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on this research work four questions were formed. This includes the following.
I.    Why is guidance and counseling not included in every school education curriculum?
II.   Do the staff and students acknowledge the importance of guidance and counseling?
III. Does the ministry of education of the state, gave adequate support to guidance and counseling services in secondary school.
IV. To find out whether student were aware of the importance of guidance and counseling for their future career?
SIGNIFICANT / IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
This study has essentially been undertaken for the following reasons.
a. This study would be of great importance to principals in junior/ senior secondary school, Kaduna Education and even those that would like to undertake a research on the same topic etc.
b. The study high light the essence of guidance and counseling need analyzing through a system approach, which highly is important if a school will maintain and justify its existence and purpose will maintain and justify its existence and purpose.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The  study is limited only to Kaduna north local government area, and even in this local government only the area that has executed educational developmental activities that are worthy of mentioning. This is due to the vicinity, proximity and the resources at hand. 
DEFINITION OF TERMS.
Below are some of the terms associated to guidance and counseling which the writer which to explain briefly for clarity, these are:
a.  Guidance: in this study guidance can be seen as the assistance an individual render to another individual to discover himself of her and problem.
b.  Counseling: it is a systemic process where an individual is helps in a face to face encounter.
c.  Secondary school: this is a place where elementary studies took place
d.  Client This is the individual whom the counselor assists or direct.
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