Norm: Every Culture contains a large number of
guidelines that direct the conducts in particular situation. Such guidelines
are known as norms. A norm is a specific guide to action, which defined
acceptable and appropriate behaviour in a particular situation (Haralambs et al
2004: 416).
For example, in
all society there are norms governing dressing. Norms are enforced by positive
and negative sanctions that are rewards and punishment. Sanction can be
informal, such as
approving or disapproving glance or informal such as rewards
or a fine given by an official body. The sanctions that enforce norms are major
part of the mechanism of social control, which are concerned with maintaining
order in the society or organization.
Values: Unlike norms,
which provide specific direction for conduct, values provide more general
guidelines. A value is a belief that something is good and desirable. It
defines what is important, worthwhile and worth striving for, Haralambs et al
(op cit). In some countries like the Western Industrial nations, individual and
organizational achievement and materialism are major Value. Thus (Maccland,
1961: 303) refer to which his high achievement needs and upward mobile
Cultures.