LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA


The history of an emerging African country during its years under the colonial power and after its attainment of independence. He early missionaries introduce education into Nigeria and the young men that received the early education became wiser members of the society and where given high respect by local people and virtues of ability of certain type of jobs, where regarded as member of the richer group. Naturally all the younger men developed the ambition to be like one of these. The period one might call the beginning of the education revolution in Nigeria in spite of special diffulties of learning new facts and taught in a new fashion parent were anxious that their children should be member of the wise wealthy and respect group and pursued them
on. The fact above summaries the reasons why people give themselves to education (Adekanye, 2000).

In Nigeria, Role and contribution of the Nigerian women in educational development and to the various sectors of the economy, they have tremendous achievements in different parts of the country in participating so remarkably in various fields of developments particularly in agriculture and in business. Women have considerable potential more than the role they are presently playing in National development.

Most of these contributions by women had not been recognized until recently when the United Nations declared the Decade for Women (1976-1985) making it mandatory on governments to focus on issue of women as an integral component of national development. In 1979, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women Consequently, subsequent conferences on women were held in Copenhagen, Denmark 1980, Nairobi in Kenya 1985 and Benjing in China 1995 However, an international news magazines 'Africa Today" reported in July 1995 that the full implementation of all the strategies and recommendations of the various conferences on women issues had still not been achieved and enthusiasm was waning. According to the magazine, the UN itself reported that only six out of the 184 ambassadors to UN are women and only four out of the 32 UN specialized agencies and programmes are headed by women.

 In Nigeria, the 1995 constitutional conference in Nigeria had only eight women out of a total of 369 delegates. Much of women's work remains invisible, unremunerated and unrecognized. But women are now challenging the status quo. Mechanisms to right the so called "Cultures wrong" are being put in place. Women's voices are now being heard clamoring for an improvement in their socio-economic status and for the recognition of their immense contributions to national development (Adekanye, 2000).

Some people have identified some areas of development where women are active in Nigeria. Mabogunje (1991) identified the eight cardinal elements of sustainable development as they affect women, e.g. education, health, culture politics, economy, agriculture, enhanced environment, quality and peaceful co-existence.
Nigerian women take active part in agriculture. In a study of women's participation in agricultural production in Northern Nigeria's rural areas, Ahmed Ogungbile and Olukosi (1991), found that women were active participants in the process. According to them, about 90 percent of the women interviewed had farming as their main occupation (both arable and pastoral) including those in purdah. The general patrilineal system of inheritance enabled most women in Northern Nigeria to have access to land through their husbands who acquire it through inheritance.

Women in this part of the country who had farms of their own had half the sizes of the men's farm. They planted the same type of crops like the men but they (women) were hardly physically involved in land preparation and molding but they were involved in fertilizer application, punting, thinning, weeding and harvesting. (Akinbote et al., 2001)
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