EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BUDGETARY CONTROL PROCESSES OF SELECTED BUSINESSES


METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Basically the study will be involved in the generation of data related to budgetary control process and organizational performance of selected businesses or firms. The various methods and procedures or firms: The various methods and procedures employed with the aim of achieving the set objectives of the study will be outlined in this chapter.


Also, the aim of this chapter will be to specify and formulate a model that will enable us assess the budgetary control and organization performance of firms selected that used budgets and engage in the budgetary control process to achieve better operational results. While doing this, we shall put into consideration the hypotheses we will eventually test.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
            The study will use the ex-post-facto research design. ICAN (2006a) reiterates that ex-post-facto research design is used to determine budgetary control process and organizational performance by examining the conditions that are traceable to the probable causal factor of the event under investigation. This design will be adopted bearing in mind that the study will focus on budgetary control process and organizational performance of selected firms in Enugu and Ebonyi State.

METHOD OF DATA GENERATION
            The study will exclusively used secondary data. Therefore, data will be generated through reports, publications, journals, textbooks etc.

3.2 RESEARCH PROCEDURE
Objective One: To investigate empirically the nature and extent of the relationship between revenue variance and growth rate in profit before tax as a measure of performance. This objective will be attained by the analysis of the available secondary data using coefficient of correlations, coefficient of determination and the ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis. 

Objective Two:  To investigate empirically the nature and extent of the relationship between covariance and growth rate in profit before tax as a measure of performance. The secondary objective will be accomplished through the analysis of data (annual accounts, reports, publication etc) using regression analysis.

Objective Three:  To evaluate the effectiveness of the budgetary control processes of elected businesses. The researcher intends to accomplish this objective by using statistical tools such as regression analysis.

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
In order to establish budgetary control process and organizational performance date generated will be collected and analyzed using such statistical tool as the ordinary least   square (OLS) model of regression analysis.  

Uguru (2009) gives the least square equation in terms of X and Y as follows:
Y = a + bx

Where y is the observed value of the dependent variable and x is the fixed value of the independent variable, a and b are constants, which respective represent the intercepts and slope (or gradient) of the straight line.
b          =          n∑xy-(∑x)( ∑y)
n∑x2 – (∑x)2
and   a            =          ∑y -b∑x
    n
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