In summary, we demonstrated that overdose of paracetamol intake (500 mg / kg body weight) could be dangerous to the liver.
From the findings,
the ethanolic extracts of A. sativum and A. barbadensis had
dose dependent effects on the parameters
analyzed, hence their use as antioxidants and hepatoprotective agents may have
bases.
CONCLUSION
In
conclusion, this research work has shown the damaging effects of paracetamol
overdose and that the medicinal plant A. sativum and A. barbadensis
posses high antioxidant activity which can enhance the body defense mechanism
in conditions of oxidative stress and also a hepatoprotective activity which can
rid
the liver of toxic metabolites.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Although A.
sativum and A. barbadensis extracts exert antioxidant and
hepatoprotective effects on paracetamol induced toxicity, it is essential that
the other oxidative stress and toxicity agents like chemicals, other xenobiotics,
alcohol, tobacco etc be tried to determine the efficacy of A. sativum
and A. barbadensis in antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
Further studies
regarding the isolation and characterization of the active principles responsible
for the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of these medicinal plants is also
recommended.
PREPARATION OF WORKING REAGENTS
Preparation of
10% TCA
10g of trichloroacetic acid was dissolves
in 100 ml of distilled water
Preparation of
10% thiobarbituric acid (TBA)
1g of TBA was
dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water.
Preparation of
Reagents for Transaminases
(1) Preparation of AST substrate buffer
Dissolve 2.66g
DL – aspartic acid and 30 mg µ - keto glutarate in
20.5 ml of I M
Na0H. Adjust the pH to 7.4 by adding IM Na0H drop wise while stirring. Make up
to 100 ml with phosphate buffer.
Add 1ml of
chloroform as preservative. Stable for 2 months when stored at 2-8 ° C.
Discard if it becomes turbid.
(2) Phosphate
buffer pH 7.4
Dissolve 14.9 g disodium
hydrogen phosphate dehydrate (Na2HPO4 2H2O)
and 2.2 g anhydrous potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2P04)
in distilled water and make up to 1 liter. Check the pH and if necessary,
adjust to 7.4 using small amounts of either KH2PO4 or Na2HPO4.
Stable for 3 months when stored at 2-8 °C.
(3) Preparation
of ALT substrate
About 2.66 g of Alanine was dissolved
with 3 g µ
- Oxoglutarate in 100 ml of phosphate buffer. The pH was adjusted to 7.4 by
adding Na0H4 in drop wise manner while stirring.
(4) Preparation
of 2, 4 – dinitrophenyl hydrazine (colour developer)
10 g of 2, 4 – dinitrophenyl
hydrazine was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. Stable for 3 months when
stored at 2 – 8 °C.
Preparation of
Biuret Reagent
Weigh 1.5 g CuSO4.5H2O
and 4.25 g of sodium / potassium tartrate and 4 g NaOH and dissolve in 1 litre
of distilled water. Store solution in a reagent bottle at room temperature. It
is stable for a week.
Bilirubin
Reagent (Kit)
R1 Sulphanilic
acid 29 mmol/L, Hydrochloric acid 0.17N, R2 Sodium nitrate 25 mmol/L. R3
Caffeine 0.26 mol/L, Sodium benzoate 0.52 mol/L, R4 Tartrate 0.93 mol/L, Sodium
Hydroxide 1.9 N.