3.1 RESEARCH SAMPLE DESIGN
Research
design is related to the basic subject matter of the research and how the
result of the research will be carried. And may include, method available for
collection of data. The
research methodology that is employed in this research work is survey method of
data gathering. In ensuring that the work meet the required standards and
satisfies the purpose for which the work is embarked, the researcher prepared a
series of questionnaire that was administered to selected respondents in
hospitals, University, selected secondary schools, the general public to
facilitate the obtaining of information necessary for the study.
3.2 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN
A
questionnaire is designed by the researcher that will be administered to
various respondents, capturing all relevant information as regard the topic of
interest. It inculcates the unanswered question in statement of problem, as
captured by objectives of study, significance of study. Infact, it covers the
entire topic “An analysis of the prospect of Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The questionnaire is divided into two sub-part; Section A and Section
B. Section A covers the Bio-data while section B borders on question that
affect the topic. The questionnaire is designed in an open-ended format (agree,
Disagree and indifferent)
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The population of these study comprises of
staff of Ebonyi State University, Students of the school (EBSU), selected
secondary school teachers and the general public within Ebonyi State. The
entire population of 360, will be collected from the above mentioned
individuals.
3.4 SAMPLE METHOD
This has do with the method
by which all element included in the sample will be selected for study and
analysis. The study will adopt the random sampling technique, by stratifying
the population into three Strata. A Yaro Yamani formula is applied to determine
the sample size. Hence, the formula is given below;
N
N = 1 + (Ne2)
Where:
n =
sample size
N
= Population of the study
e = level of significance
3.5 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
We
employ the Yan-Yamani formula to determine our sample size. The total
population is 360. Hence we calculate the sample size thus;
n = 360
1 + (360 x (0.05)
360
1 + 360 x 0.0025
360
1 + 0.9
360
1.9
n = 189.47 0r 189
It is noted that the level of
significance “e” is 5%. Therefore, the sample size is 189
3.6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
Because of the descriptive
nature of the research work that cannot be described quantitatively, the
researcher will analyze the findings from questionnaire through simple
percentage table. Hence, employing non- parametric test of hypothesis in
analyzing the result obtained to test for its significance. Chi – square test
will be used. The formula is given below;
X2cal. = å (O – E)2
E
Where;
X2 = Chi-
square
å = summation
sign
O= observed frequency
E =
expected frequency
Df.
Degree of freedom
X2cal.= Chi – square calculated
X2tab. = Chi
– square tabulated
DECISION RULE
Accept H1 and
reject H0, if Chi- square calculated is greater than Chi- square
tabulated.
3.7 SOURCES OF DATA
This research work mainly
source primary data, by dispersing the questionnaire to various respondents in
Ebonyi State University staff, students and the general public as are selected
by the criteria. Secondary data is also used by analyzing it and discovering
past effort made on this phenomenon.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DATA
PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
A total of one hundred and
eighty nine (189), questionnaire were distributed and 184 were completed and
retuned which is used for the analysis.
The relative small number of the sample space
(population) was to enable the researcher managed the data within the time
frame.
DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS
OF RESPODENTS
Table 4.1: Sex distribution of respondents
|
Response
|
Frequency
|
Percentages %
|
|
Male
|
83
|
45.1
|
|
Female
|
101
|
54.9
|
|
Total
|
184
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
Table 4.2 Education
qualification
|
Educational
qualification
|
Frequency
|
Percentage %
|
|
No formal education
|
60
|
32.6
|
|
First school leavers
certificate
|
64
|
34.5
|
|
WAEC/SSCE
|
24
|
13.1
|
|
OND
|
5
|
2.7
|
|
DEGREE/HND
|
23
|
12.5
|
|
MASTER and above
|
8
|
4.5
|
|
Total
|
184
|
100
|
SECTION B
ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH QUESTION
NO 1: Are you aware of
Millennium Development Goals project?
Table 4.3
|
RESPONSE
|
FREQUENCY
|
PERCENTAGE %
|
|
AGREE
|
130
|
71
|
|
DISAGREE
|
30
|
16
|
|
INDIFFERENT
|
24
|
13
|
|
TOTAL
|
184
|
100
|
From the table 4.3 above, one
hundred and thirty (130) of 184 respondents admit that they are aware of
Millennium Development Goals, being 71% of the total respondents. However 30(16%)
respondents are not aware of MDGs program and 24(13%) respondents are
indifferent about MDGs.
Table 4.4 Has Nigeria
benefited from MDGs project implementation
|
Response
|
Frequency
|
Percentages %
|
|
Agree
|
120
|
65
|
|
Disagree
|
24
|
13
|
|
Indifferent
|
40
|
22
|
|
Total
|
184
|
100
|
Table 4.4 above, shows that
120(65%) respondents admit that MDGs has benefited Nigeria while 24(13%) and
40(22%) respondents disagree and are indifferent as regard whether Nigeria has
benefited from MDGs respectively.
TABLE 4.5 Has MDGs affected
your community in terms of health care &education
|
RESPONSE
|
FREQUENCY
|
PERCENTAGES %
|
|
AGREE
|
118
|
64
|
|
DISAGREE
|
26
|
14
|
|
INDIFFERENT
|
40
|
22
|
|
TOTAL
|
184
|
100
|
From table 4.5, 118(64%)
agree that MDGs has affected their community positively in terms of health care
and education. While 26(14%) disagree
and 40(22%) of the respondents are indifferent about the impact of MDGs in
their community.
Table 4.6: Do you think MDGS
is achievable in Nigeria by the year 2015
|
RESPONSE
|
FREQUENCY
|
PERCENTAGES %
|
|
AGREE
|
90
|
49
|
|
DISAGREE
|
65
|
37
|
|
INDIFFERENT
|
25
|
14
|
|
TOTAL
|
184
|
100
|
The table 4.6 above, indicate
that 90(49%) of the respondent believe that MDGs is achievable by 2015, 25(14%)
of the respondents are indifferent while 65(37%) totally disagree that MDGs is
not achievable by 2015.
Table 4.7: Do you agree that
MDGs has served as a link between government and the rural dwellers.
|
RESPONSE
|
FREQUENCY
|
PERCENTAGES %
|
|
AGREE
|
120
|
65
|
|
DISAGREE
|
40
|
22
|
|
INDIFFERENT
|
24
|
13
|
|
TOTAL
|
184
|
100
|
Table 4.7 above, shows that
of 184 respondents, 120(65%) agree that MDGs has served as a link between
government and the rural dweller. Where 40(22%) total disagree and 24(13%) are
indifferent whether MDGs served as a bridge between government and the rural
dwellers respectively.
Table 4.8: Do you think that
MDGs when achieved is capable of changing Nigeria status a developing country
to developed country.
|
RESPONSE
|
FREQUENCY
|
PERCENTAGES %
|
|
AGREE
|
116
|
63
|
|
DISAGREE
|
24
|
13
|
|
INDIFFERENT
|
44
|
24
|
|
TOTAL
|
184
|
100
|
The respondent from table 4.8
above, indicate that 116(63%) agree with the fact that, MDGs if achieved is
capable of developing Nigeria economy. But 24(13%) disagree with the believe
and a total of 44(24%) respondent are indifferent about the issue.
Table 4.9 Do you think MDGs
is capable of bridging, the gap between the poor and the rich individuals in
Nigeria.
|
RESPONSE
|
FREQUENCY
|
PERCENTAGES %
|
|
AGREE
|
118
|
64
|
|
DISAGREE
|
26
|
14
|
|
INDIFFERENT
|
40
|
22
|
|
TOTAL
|
184
|
100
|
From the table 4.9 above,
118(64%) argue that MDGs is capable of bridging the gap between the rich and
poor while 40(22%) are indifferent and only 26 representing 14 % of the
population disagree.
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
We use table 4.4 to test our
hypothesis, to determine whether Nigeria has benefited from MDGs or not.
Chi-square table
|
Respondents
|
DOCTORS/NURSES
|
MASSES
|
TOTAL
|
|
BENEFITED
|
60
|
64
|
124
|
|
Not- Benefited
|
40
|
20
|
60
|
|
TOTAL
|
100
|
84
|
184
|
To calculate the expected
frequency we apply the formulae
Expected freq. = CT
x RT
GT
Where;
CT = column total
RT = row total
GT = Grand total
A11 100 x 124 =
67
184
A12 84 x 124 =
57
184
A21 100 x 60 =
33
184
A22 84 x 60 =
27
184
X2cal. = ( Fo – Fe)2
Fe
|
Fo
|
Fe
|
Fo-Fe
|
(Fo-Fe)2
|
(fo – Fe)2
Fe
|
|
60
|
67
|
-7
|
49
|
0.73
|
|
64
|
57
|
7
|
49
|
0.86
|
|
4o
|
33
|
7
|
49
|
1.48
|
|
2o
|
27
|
-7
|
49
|
1.81
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
4.88
|
X2cal. =
4.88
This means that, our
Chi-square calculated is 4.88. Therefore, we proceed to determine our
Chi-square tabulated
The degree of freedom is
calculated thus;
Df = (C
– 1)(R – 1)
Where, C =
total column
R = total row
Df = (2
-1)(2 – 1)
1 * I
= 1
The tabulated Chi- square at
5% level of significance and one degree
of freedom is 3.481 i.e. X2tab. = 3.481.
Since our X2cal.(4.88
) is greater than X2tab.(
3.481), we therefore reject the null hypothesis. And conclude that Nigeria has
benefited substantially from the implementation of Millennium Development Goals
project.