The results of Acid fast screening test of sputum samples for pulmonary tuberculosis in the three health institutions are presented in ...
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10/01/2012 - 11/01/2012
Re-emergence of tuberculosis
Re-emerging disease can be defined as the reappearance of a known disease after a significant decline. Examples of re-emerging disease a...
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Laboratory diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis
DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS Sputum microscopy: Sputum microscopy is the most efficient way of identification of tuberculosis infection...
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Prevention and control of tuberculosis
1. Prompt and effective treatment of patients with active tuberculosis and careful follow – up of their contacts with tuberculosis...
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MORPHOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS
A. Typical organism: In tissue, tubercle bacilli are thin straight rods measuring about 0.4 x 3 um. On artificial media, coccoid an...
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PATHOGENESIS OF TUBERCULOSIS
Transmission is by air droplet. Sneezing, coughing or talking releases about 40,000 droplet (0.5-5 micrometer in diameter), each ca...
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LITERATURE REVIEW OF TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that produces blood in sputum and is caused by several species of mycobacterium collectively calle...
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS
M. tuberculosis infects about one third of world population and kills about three Million patients each year. Therefore it is the single...
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRESENCE OF PULOMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONGST OUTPATIENTS AT EBONYI STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE AND MILE FOUR HOSPITAL ABAKALIKI TO DETERMINE ITS PREVALENCE IN ABAKALIKI URBAN METROPOLIS
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.SC) IN EPIDE...
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATIONS ON PRACTICAL WORK DONE FOR EFFECTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM, AND ALOE BARBADENSIS ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON PARACETAMOL – INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
In summary, we demonstrated that overdose of paracetamol intake (500 mg / kg body weight) could be dangerous to the liver. From the fin...
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DISCUSSION ON ALLIUM SATIVUM, AND ALOE BARBADENSIS ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON PARACETAMOL – INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
Ethanolic extraction of the homogenized dried cloves of A. sativum and A. barbadensis gave a relatively low percentage yield 6.8 and...
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BILIRUBIN (CONJUGATED AND UNCONJUGATED)
Bilirubin is the end product of the catabolism of heme, derived principally from circulating hemoglobin. METABOLISM OF BILIRUBIN T...
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THE PLASMA PROTEINS
The only proteins of the body that are readily available for study in the human are those of the plasma. Although these, of course, re...
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ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP)
Alkaline Phosphatase is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules including nucleotide...
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LIVER ENZYMES
TRANSAMINASES Transamination is the process in which an amino group is transferred from amino acid to an α-keto acid, while the enzy...
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SUPER OXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD)
The enzyme super oxide dismutase catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (chaki et al, 2006). As su...
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WHAT IS CATALASE (CAT) AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms which are exposed to oxygen, where it functions to catalyze the deco...
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GLUTATHIONE: SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONS
Glutathione (GSH) a tripeptide. Containing a sulfhydryl group, is a highly distinctive amino acid derivative with several important r...
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LIPID PEROXIDATION: HISTORY, MECHANISM, INITIATION, PROPAGATION AND TERMINATION
HISTORY The first studies of this lipid oxidation problem was those of the Swiss chemist Nicolas- Theodore de Saussure who observ...
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THE ROLE OF LIVER IN DRUG METABOLISM
The liver is one of the heaviest organs in the body (1.2-2.5kg) and serves the principle function of maintaining the body’s internal ...
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PARACETAMOL (DRUG FOR HEADACHE)
Figure 1: Structure of paracetamol Paracetamol (acetaminophen) an analgesic and antipyretic agent (styrt et al, 1990) is a usef...
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BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ALLIUM SATIVUM
Kingdom - Plantae Division - Spermatophyta Class- - Angiospermae Family - Lilaceae Genus - Allium Spe...
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CHEMICALS AND NUTRIENTS FOUND IN ALOE BARBADENSIS AND ITS USES
Aloes is the expressed juice of the leaves of the plant. According to W.A Shemstone, two classes of Aloins are recognized; (1) ...
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BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ALOE BARBADENSIS IS AS FOLLOWS
Kingdom - Plantae Division - Magnoliophyta Order - Asparagales Family - Asplodelaceae Genius - Aloe Speci...
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EXTRACTION PROCEDURES FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS
There are two methods involved in extraction of medicinal plants; 1. The Traditional Method and 2. The Scientific Method THE T...
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GENERAL HISTORY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
In the written record, the study of herbs dates back over 5000 year to the Sumerians who described well established medicinal used...
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INTRODUCTION TO M.Sc WORK ON THE EFFECTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM, AND ALOE BARBADENSIS ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON PARACETAMOL – INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
INTRODUCTION Paracetamol an analgesic and antipyretic agent is a useful drug in the treatment of mild pain. This analgesic is one of...
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EFFECTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM, AND ALOE BARBADENSIS ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON PARACETAMOL – INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
ABSTRACT The influence of ethanol extracts of Allium sativum and Aloe barbadensis on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity were studied...
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RESERCH METHODOLOGY OF A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria Having...
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SUMMARY OF A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria SUMMARY ...
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EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF PRAGMATICS
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria The li...
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THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE OF PRAGMATICS
This is a pragmatic concept introduced by the philosopher Grice (1975). He formalized his observation that when we talk, we try to be cooper...
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FELICITY CONDITIONS OF PRAGMATICS
Ndimele (2007:139) has it that the concept of felicity condition was proposed by Austin (1962). He agrees that there are certain criter...
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SPEECH ACT THEORY (DISCUSSION IN DETAILS)
Speech Act Theory arose as a tool to interpret the meaning and function of words in different speech situations. Simply put, it is a th...
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WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF PRAGMATICS
Pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammaticalized and encoded in the structures of a lan...
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THEORETICAL REVIEW: OVERVIEW OF PRAGMATICS
Pragmatics is a sub field of linguistics which developed in the late 1970’s, even though references to pragmatics are found in philosophy ...
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LITERATURE REVIEW OF A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria This c...
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SCOPE: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria SCOPE AND...
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STUDY: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES (Ph.D)
Ordinarily, language is a means of communication traditionally referred to as a means of transferring the traditions of people from one ...
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STUDY: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria PURPOSE OF ...
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THESIS: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria STATEMENT O...
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MICRO-PRAGMATICS, MACRO-PRAGMATICS AND META-PRAGMATICS.
Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics Department. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria Accor...
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ORIGIN OF PRAGMATICS AND SCHOOLS OF PRAGMATICS
The study of pragmatics is divided into two big schools British-America school and European school which can be subdivided into France ...
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A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE IN PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
A THESIS PROPOSAL FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) Written By: Ngozi U. Emeka-Nwobia. Languages and Linguistics D...
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METHODS OF WATER HYACINTH CONTROL
In most countries with water hyacinth problems, three methods have usually been employed for its control – manual and mechanical harve...
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WHAT ARE THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF WATER HYACINTH
The negative economic impacts of water hyacinth infestations have long been appreciated. In the United States, the problem was so se...
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WHAT ARE PROBLEMS POSED BY WATER HYACINTH
Problems posed by Water hyacinth have been extensively reviewed by Gopal and Sharma (1981) and Jayanth (1987). They are summarized ...
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THE HAVOC AQUATIC WEEDS CAUSE IN NIGERIAN WATER
Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crasses is a serious aquatic pest in many parts of the world. The menace of the weed has reached alarming p...
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WHAT IS AQUATIC WEED: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
They impede water flow in canals, channels, rivers, etc. They impede drainage. They are a menace to fisheries. They spoil the recreati...
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WHAT IS AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
SURVEY OF AQUATIC PLANTS (MACROPHYTES) Aquatic macrophytes are vascular plants whose photosynthetic parts are permanently or at leas...
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT ENHANCE THE PROLIFERATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN WATER BODIES
ABSTRACT Aquatic macrophytes are vascular plants whose photosynthetic parts are permanently or at least for several months of the year are...
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